| Supercomputer |
Fugaku (Fujitsu/RIKEN) |
Highly parallel custom processors (e.g., thousands of ARM-based
CPUs)
|
Massive (petabytes of RAM, high-bandwidth memory) |
Highest (≥ PetaFLOPS to ExaFLOPS) |
Massively parallel processing; distributes a single complex
problem across thousands of nodes (Collette, Corey, & Johnson,
2004).
|
Extremely High (Megawatts) |
Weather forecasting, climate modeling, nuclear simulation,
quantum physics research.
|
| Mainframe Computers |
IBM z16 |
Multiple high-speed, specialized processor cores |
Very Large (Terabytes of RAM, high data transfer rates) |
High (Millions of Instructions Per Second - MIPS/High
Transaction Rate)
|
Centralized, multi-user, and multitasking; processes massive
transaction volumes with high reliability (IBM, 2023).
|
Very High (Requires specialized cooling) |
Large-scale transaction processing (banks, airlines, insurance),
government census data.
|
| Mini Computers |
DEC PDP-11 (Historical) |
Multiple processors (multi-user systems) |
Moderate to Large (Hundreds of MB to a few GB - historical)
|
Medium (Lower MIPS than mainframes) |
Multi-user, time-sharing system for departmental tasks and
process control.
|
High (Less than Mainframe, more than Micro) |
Departmental servers, process control (factory automation),
laboratory research (Historical).
|
| Server |
Dell PowerEdge, HP ProLiant |
Multi-core, high-thread count processors (e.g., Intel Xeon, AMD
EPYC)
|
Large (Hundreds of GB to terabytes of ECC RAM) |
High (Optimized for concurrent tasks and network throughput)
|
Dedicated to providing network services (data, web, email,
application hosting) and managing resources for clients.
|
High (Designed for 24/7 operation) |
Web hosting, corporate email service, enterprise database
management, cloud computing infrastructure.
|
| Workstations |
Dell Precision, HP Z-Series |
High-performance CPU (e.g., Intel Core i9, Xeon, AMD
Threadripper) & powerful GPU
|
Large (32 GB to 256 GB+ of fast RAM, often ECC) |
Very High (Optimized for single-user, computation-intensive
tasks)
|
High-speed, single-user system focused on complex calculations,
rendering, and visual processing.
|
Moderate to High (Needs significant cooling) |
Computer-Aided Design (CAD), 3D animation/rendering, complex
video editing, software development.
|
| Micro Computers |
Apple MacBook Pro, Custom Desktop PC |
Single or multi-core consumer-grade CPU (e.g., Intel Core i5/i7,
AMD Ryzen 5/7)
|
Small to Moderate (8 GB to 64 GB of standard RAM) |
Moderate (Optimized for general productivity and multimedia
tasks)
|
Single-user system executing a variety of applications based on
stored instructions (Von Neumann architecture) (Tanenbaum &
Austin, 2013).
|
Low to Moderate (Varies by form factor/load) |
Home use, office productivity (word processing, email),
education, gaming, web browsing.
|